I bookmarked this page. Thank you very much for given this post….

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As an application engineer I am removed from the pricing of our materials. For pricing information, please send an e-mail to Solar@indium.com. This team has been assembled to help you get the sales/tech support you need anywhere around the globe.
Thanks,
~Jim H.

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i like to know the cost of this product

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That’s a great question, and it depends on thickness also. Assuming the ribbon is 5mm wide x .4mm thick, it should have a resistance of around 8.4 ohm/km.

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hello,

what is the resistance of 5 mm widht tabbing ribbon’s resistance per kilomoter (ohm/km)?

thanks.

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Thanks for reading!

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Thank you very much for given this great post!

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Hi Luiz,

I understand your concern – hopefully this addresses and eases your worries: According to the 2009 US Geological Study “Assuming that the average content of gallium in bauxite is 50 parts per million (ppm), U.S. bauxite resources, which are mainly subeconomic deposits, contain approximately 15 million kilograms of gallium.” Currently, not all of it is economical to recover, however we should be alright for longer than that particular technology is around for.
~Jim

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My question is: in this ink type is using Cu, and Ga. Ga é a very rare element in the nature, then when all of the word is using this type of technology there are not raw material for this type of solar cell. their applications is very limited in the word. Sincerely

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Great work Karl! Can’t wait to read this article!

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Very timely article Karl. I believe this article will be most helpful to those companies that currently do solar module assembly. Many do not have the soldering experience as EMS companies who are now branching into module assembly from SMT assembly.

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Welcome to the SOLAR blogging space, Karl. Your many years in the electronics assembly arena make your perspective quite valuable and interesting. This is proven out in your excellent article in SMT magazine. Great work.

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Karl, welcome to Indium’s rocking blogging team! Great to have you!

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I interested of your product fluxes for solderling tabbing ribbon and i want sprcification, technical data and sample for test in my production line

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Hi Edison,
CIG targets are designed specifically for sputtering. They are not used for evaporative processes due to the extremely high temperature that would be necessary.
As always, readers are encouraged to comment with their experiences too.
~Jim

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Thanks for reading, and for leaving us a comment. You are right, solar techniques are developed day-by-day, and that is what keeps this industry so exciting (in my opinion).

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This article really more informative for latest information.Solar technique is developed day-by-day.Thanks for making this public.

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dear all
Could you image what will happen when the CIG target used to E beam evaporation process?
or do anyone have the experience??

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Hi Bob,
We appreciate your interest in our solar products! A representative from your area will be in contact shortly.

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Dear Sir:

Can provide me CIGS round Target ( ψ200mm x 4mmT )1pcs,Prices.

Thanks.

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Thank you.

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Thank you for the interest in this topic. I agree with your comments. Low level of oxygen, correct phases, homogeneity in composition and phases, high density, high bond strength … all these are important characteristics for a high performance CIG alloy target. We consider our process to be unique and proprietary. If you are exploring sputtering as a process to manufacture solar cells, we would be glad to support you.

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Can you explain more what “hybrid consolidation process” means?

Are these targets cast or thermally sprayed? I hear casting provides less oxidation and greater material utilization, but I don’t get how you can cast onto a cylindrical tube. Thermal spray seems like a great waste of material especially when using indium.

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Excellent site!

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Dear All,

Further to this interesting post, I would like to invite you to join the discussion on integrated physical-chemical analysis of plastic based and high-tech materials. These materials are applied in all sorts of promising applications; think of solar cells, windmill blades and CO2 storage facilities. A proper prediction of service life, of maintenance and of ageing is vital for medium and long term operation. The intrinsic material complexity requires integrated analysis of mechanics, corrosion and diffusion, unfortunately still distinct disciplines. At our platform you can learn form the experts and share your knowledge regarding this important subject:
forum on integrated knowledge.

Regards,
John

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Valid point.

All the exotic thin film cells require careful selection of assembly materials. High performing seals and encapsulant have an ability to significantly increase the usable life of thin film solar cells.

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It’s a valid comment but I ll say “it depends”.

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Sputtering is neither high throughput or high precision.

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Dear Ramesh,

Thank you for contacting us. We are a manufacturers and supplier of various advanced materials for solar cell and module manufacturing. We do not manufacturer turnkey production lines but we do offer a wide set or products for several steps in solar manufacturing.

You can find more information about our products at http://www.indium.com/solar/information/

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Dear Sir
We are group of professionals and now started RE Integration and turnkey solution provider in filed of SOLAR, BIO AND WIND POWER

We have investors from India who wish to install CIGS thin film projects.

Please mail us your detail if you can offer the same with cost of plant, know how and production cost per watt

with regards
RAMESH MOLIYA

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Clear article,good news.
CIGS cells will be more affordable than “classical” pv cells.
But, the working time CIGS cells is shorten?

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This a very interesting question. I haven’t yet seen any technical paper that highlights this issue. But my understanding is that solar conversion efficiency is directly proportional to Wp (peak wattage), Isc (short circuit current) and Voc (open circuit voltage). One might certainly argue that a higher efficient cell will convert more of the absorbed energy from sunlight into electricity leaving lesser amount of energy to be converted to heat. I hope this answers your questions.

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Dear Sir

I am trying to learn more about solar cells. I know that as speed of microprocessors increases they have problems related to heat dissipation and eventually the performance degrades. Can you please tell me if solar cells would have any problems as a result of increase in conversion efficiency?

looking forward to get some useful information

Rgds

Rahul Bakshi
BU- Manager

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There are several companies that manufacture thin film solar panels. Just do a web search and you will come across atleast a dozen of them. Contacting these companies would be a starting point to find their distributors in India.

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Where do I get these ??
I want to use these in INDIA.

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Lower efficiency 1/2 of poly-Si.

Similar install costs.

Precious metal prices… Silver is collected, not consumed.

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In future any technology that produces solar cells at lowest cost/watt (selling price <$1/watt), lowest weight/watt, highest usable life (>30 years) and at high volumes (terawatts) will be the dominant technology. Considering the dynamic nature of the industry and technological development it is difficult to say with certainty which technology will replace silicon modules.

Currently all the technologies can coexist together for next 5-10 years. In the short term thin film technologies (CIGS, a-Si, CdTe) due to their low efficiencies and low cost/watt will have success in cost constrained applications such as solar farms. Whereas Crystalline Silicon technologies due to their high efficiencies and $/watt will have success in space-constrained applications (roof tops).

In the past most of the research in CIGS solar cells has been done using the slow co-evaporation process. As most of the new CIGS startups are trying newer high throughput processes they are facing several unique obstacles. These obstacles can be overcome with time and funds. You can easily identify the technical problems that these companies are facing by looking at the job postings.

Personally I am optimistic about the long term success of thin film technologies including CIGS, a-Si, micro crystalline, CdTe and dye-synthesized.

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Indeed, this is an interesting development. Your hypothesis is correct, heterojunction designs typically result in higher efficiencies. There are unique challenges related to the manufacturability and durability of heterojunction cells. Sanyo has succesfully manufactured a heterojuction configuration of a-Si and Crystalline Silicon with >20% efficiency.

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Will this result in solar cells capturing a broader band of the electromagnetic spectrum and thus more efficient cells? Price per watt? Panels under a $1/watt? When? Low degradation? Better performance at higher temperatures? What are the implications?

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Are CIGS modules going to totally replace silicon modules or will they coexist for the forseeable future? Are all of the CIGS startups having the same difficulties in the manufactruing process and if so can someone elaborate on who has what problems and who will solve these problems first.

Thanks,

John moran

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Dear Lee,

Thanks for your comment. I understand your concern and would be glad to assist you. Our team is familiar with your application and the challenges involved. Please email me your specs and needs on fsayed@indium.com

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What is the Iridium Corp doing to lower the cost of Iridium solder preforms and sheet?

$600 per 8×11” sheet is not a production quantity price and puts this tech out of reach for solar power applications which are VERY cost sensitive.

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