Thermal Interface Materials
GalliTHERM® Family
As a global leader in metal-based thermal interface materials, Indium Corporation brings decades of expertise as a trusted supplier of gallium-based materials. With high quality and lot-to-lot consistency built into every step of our controlled production process, we ensure reliable performance—especially due to Gallium-based alloys requiring careful handling as Class 8 (corrosive) materials. Leveraging our extensive expertise, we ensure safe and compliant packaging and transportation—by air, highway, rail, or sea—meeting all regulatory standards and delivering securely to your facility.
Powered by Indium Corporation
- High Thermal Conductivity
- Low Interfacial Resistance
- Exceptional Wettability
Types of GalliTHERM®
We have three types of gallium-based materials:
Liquid Metals
or alloys that are liquid at room temperature
Phase Change Metal Alloys
which are solid at room temperature
Liquid Metal Pastes
for use with high-viscosity gallium-based materials
Liquid Metals
These are pure metals or metal alloys that remain liquid at room temperature, with melting points ranging from 7.6°C to 17°C. The primary element in these alloys is gallium, which is often combined with other elements such as indium (In), tin (Sn), or zinc (Zn). All liquid metals from Indium Corporation are RoHS-compliant, non-toxic, and safely transported worldwide, adhering to global shipping requirements.
Phase Change Metal Alloys
Gallium Preforms
Gallium is a soft, silvery-white metal notable for its low melting point of about 29.76°C. For that reason, producing gallium as a preform is highly challenging. Indium Corporation has a proprietary process of producing pure gallium and gallium alloy preforms in variety of shapes and sizes with thicknesses down to 50 μm.
Liquid Metal (LM) Preforms
Indalloy®300E (78.6Ga/21.4In) is a eutectic gallium-indium liquid metal alloy known for its high thermal conductivity—the highest of any liquid metal. Adding more indium increases thermal conductivity, but the alloy remains liquid or pasty until the ratio reaches 97In/3Ga, at which point it solidifies near indium’s melting point (156.6°C). To assemble, start by placing indium preforms on the heat source, ensuring the entire surface is covered. Next, place gallium preforms on top, ensuring they do not need to cover the entire indium surface.
Liquid Metal Pastes
Liquid Metal Paste (LMP) is a next-generation, liquid metal-based thermal paste engineered for advanced thermal management in HPC semiconductor applications, including CPUs, GPUs, and MCMs. It is similar to standard gallium-based liquid metals. Through a proprietary process and certain additives, the viscosity is modified to form a homogeneous dispensable/jettable thermal paste for use in high-volume applications.
Features
Liquid metal leaders providing a stable supply of gallium metals ensures your material availability.
Indium Corporation has been manufacturing and supplying gallium-based liquid metals for more than 60 years, with low and high-volume production available in the U.S. and Asia.
Melting Point of 29.76°C
When gallium is combined with metals such as indium, tin, or zinc, it forms alloys that remain liquid at room temperature.
Non-Toxic Alloys
Gallium-based liquid metals do not evaporate and cannot be inhaled.
Extremely Aggressive
Gallium-based liquid metals should not be in contact with any aluminum parts.
Diverse Applications
That includes thermal interface materials (TIMS), stretchable and wearable electronics, soft robotics, wearable medical devices, and mercury-free thermometers.
GalliTHERM® Products
There are several gallium-based alloys that are liquid at room temperature. Explore three of the most popular alloys in the chart below.
| Indalloy® Number | Composition | When to Choose | Recommended Operating Temperature (°C) | Liquidus (°C) | Solidus (°C) | Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) | Electrical Resistivity (µΩ-cm) | Specific Gravity (g/cm³) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 51E | 66.5Ga/20.5In/13Sn | Lower melting point eutectic alloy, best used in dispensing and printing applications | -50-200°C | 11 | 11 | 37 | 28.9 (1) | 6.32 |
| 300E | 78.6Ga/21.4In | Highest thermal conductivity and best for jetting applications | -50-200°C | 15.7 | 15.7 | 44 | 27* | 6.16 |
| 306 (AKA) | 68.5Ga/21.5In/10Sn | Widely used in high-end gaming platforms | -50-200°C | 19 | 10 | 35* | 29* | 6.31* |
| 60 | 75.5Ga/24.5In | Non-eutectic gallium indium alloy | -50-200°C | 23 | 15.7 | 20* | 26.8 | 6.35 |
Related Applications
GalliTHERM® products are suitable for a wide range of applications.
TIM1, TIM1.5, TIM2
Metal-based TIMs deliver high thermal performance and
Immersion Cooling
A technique on the rise for thermal
Related Markets
Indium Corporation’s GalliTHERM® products are applicable in a variety of markets.
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